Sultan Muhammad Jiwa & Ancaman Bugis

Sultan Muhammad Jiwa II (ruled from 1710-1778)

Sultan Muhammad Jiwa melantik anak gundiknya Tengku Abdullah sebagai bakal Paduka Seri Sultan Kota Setar. Puteranya yang lebih tua daripada isterinya yang lain iaitu Tengku Long Putera dan Tengku Anjang telah diketepikan.

Tengku Long Putera dan Tengku Anjang memohon bantuan orang Bugis dari Selangor untuk menyerang Kedah Darul Aman namun gagal. Meski pun begitu Sultan Abdullah tidak popular dikalangan rakyat tetapi telah mendapat sokongan tentera penjajah.

1771: Francis Light, captain of the European trading company, was searching for a regional trading base for both his company, Jourdain, Sullivan and de Souza (a British firm operating in Madras), and the East Indian Company (SHTI). Captain Light was said to be a charming man, well trained in the art of diplomacy. He sailed between India, Thailand and the Malay peninsula. He conducted trade in a semi-autonomous position, living on his own wits. He learned to speak Malay and Siamese.

Light knew that SHTI wanted to obtain a strategic port in the region to facilitate its trade with China, and as a refuge from its enemies in the Bay of Bengal. Light emphasised on Penang as a safe harbour and the opportunities for local commerce.

The Sultan agreed to allow the firm to establish a trading post if the British agreed to protect Kedah from external threats. The Company would not agree to military aid.

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References:
http://sejarahnagarakedah.blogspot.my/2007/11/sultan-muhammad-jiwa-1710-1778.html

https://books.google.com.my/books?id=tprrCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT153&lpg=PT153&dq=1771+jourdain+sullivan+de+souza&source=bl&ots=KWzQCPom5v&sig=QZGYLlDLclV_iW8-VCSnsp6ag2k&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=1771%20jourdain%20sullivan%20de%20souza&f=false

https://books.google.com.my/books?id=hS0_GehsGPwC&pg=PA187&lpg=PA187&dq=1771+jourdain+sullivan+de+souza&source=bl&ots=LAQhIaMWlQ&sig=WBIbBPppCdKWDs0y5_OSJmjRvgU&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=1771%20jourdain%20sullivan%20de%20souza&f=false

http://www.penang-traveltips.com/biography-of-captain-francis-light.htm